Misika Yaikulu Yotumiza kunja

Europe, East-Europe, Russia, Middle-Asia, North America, America South ndi zina zotero.

Mafotokozedwe Akatundu

Zobwezerezedwanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza chitoliro chachikulu chamadzi otentha ndi chitoliro chobwerera mu dongosolo lotenthetsera pansi. Zobwezeredwa ndi gawo lofunikira la dongosolo lowongolera kutentha kwapansi pamadzi otentha. Monga ubwino wa kutentha kwapansi kwa madzi akuvomerezedwa ndi anthu ochulukirapo, kufunikira kwa khalidwe lambiri kumazindikiridwa pang'onopang'ono ndi anthu. Monga chida chogawa ndi kusonkhanitsa madzi chomwe chimalumikiza chitoliro chilichonse chotenthetsera kuti chipereke ndi kubweza madzi, zobwezeredwa ndi chida chamagetsi chotenthetsera pansi ndipo chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Manifold amapangidwa ndi magawo atatu: ochulukitsa, osonkhanitsa ndi bulaketi yokhazikika. Kuphatikizira chitoliro chachikulu cha cholekanitsa madzi (bar yayikulu), chitoliro chachikulu cha otolera madzi (bar yayikulu), valavu yowongolera nthambi, valavu yotulutsa mpweya, pulagi yayikulu ya chitoliro, gulu la khoma ndi gulu (mtundu wa bracket sub-catchment ilibe gulu) ndi zigawo zina. Chalk chachikulu ndi cholekanitsa madzi, chotolera madzi, fyuluta, valavu, valavu yotulutsa mpweya, valavu yotsekera, mutu wolumikizana, mutu wamkati wamkati, ndi mita ya kutentha.